In the article "Stigma, Discrimination, and the Implications for People Living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa," there is a large issue and identification on the idea that stigma is created from the differences of people in a society, especially aspects that separate those people somewhat uncontrollably. The author talks about the separation that mainly lies within " social, political, and economic groups that differ greatly from the expectations of the norm of these societies. This is felt in many different societies and is created by aspects such as diseases. This goes along with the classic idea of the cultural norm that everyone follows and if it is not followed than there is a stigma created and felt by those different than the norm. In this article stigma is defined as "a deeply discrediting attribute that reduces a person to someone who is in some way tainted and can therefore be denigrated," which describes the exact feeling of those who have contracted this disease. Knowing that this disease has rooted largely in South Africa, the stigma created is greatly racial and depends on the sexual orientation of those as well. They talk about how big of an impact this discrimination is on their "physiological and psychological" behavior and development. This also makes it very difficult for those with this disease to move and around and possibly start in a new community without already having the feeling of disdain. Overall this article just describes the severe effect that racism can have on those due to their sexual orientation and or their lifestyles and what has come because of it.